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ICRP International

Conference on Recovery After Nuclear Accidents

Radiological Protection Lessons
from Fukushima and Beyond

December 1 - 18, 2020

Y. Konstantinov

Updated: Dec 11, 2020

Protection of the Public in a Large-scale Radiation Accident: Overcoming the Presumption of Radiological Guilt

Y. Konstantinov (Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Russia)


The conservative provisions of the ICRP recommendations and the requirements of the IAEA, combined with an inadequate public perception of radiation risk, create prerequisites for a kind of presumption of radiological culpability, which consists in the fact that decisions to protect the population in radiation emergency are made on the basis of radiological criteria that do not meet the task of preventing non-radiological consequences and appropriate social damage Basing on the Chernobyl experience this report discusses some possible ways of the preventive mitigation of social damage caused by the implementation of anti-radiation protective measures in a large-scale radiation accident: 1) the constraint of conservatism in the interpretation of dose characteristics of an emergency, 2) flexibility in decision-making differentiated by type of protective measures, 3) precautions in formulating official documents and planning accident related activities. These provisions are essential to improve preparedness for recovery from possible future major nuclear accidents.

 

大規模放射線事故における一般市民の保護:放射線による非難の横行の克服

Y. Konstantinov (Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Russia)


ICRP勧告やIAEA要件の保守的な条項が、一般市民による放射線リスクの認識が不十分なことと相まって、放射線によるある種の非難が横行する前提条件を作成し、放射線緊急時に住民を保護する決定が放射線基準に基づいて下されるが、この基準は放射線以外の影響や対応する社会的被害を防止する役割を果たしていない。本報告書ではチェルノブイリでの経験に基づき、大規模放射線事故での放射線防止保護対策の実施による社会的被害を防的に緩和する可能性のある方法について考察する。その方法とは、1)緊急時の線量特性の解釈における保守性の制約、2)保護対策の種類により差をつける意思決定の柔軟性、3)公文書を作成し事故関連活動を計画するうえでの注意事項である。こうした備えは、今後起こりうる重大原子力事故からの復興準備を改善するのに不可欠である。

 

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